What phrase means that White Americans were bound to expand the USA until it extended from coast to coast?

Several treaties were signed early in this period to permit White Americans to send immigrants, to construct roads and to station troops along trails from the Great Plains, through the Rocky Mountains and down to the Pacific Ocean. One such agreement was the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie. To which established trail did it refer?

Pike's Peak, the Black Hills of South Dakota and Montana all witnessed influxes of Whites after They were all intent on acquiring a particular commodity in these areas. Which commodity?

A religious group trekked across the Great Plains looking for a haven, where they could practice their faith from 1846 onwards. They established themselves in Utah, and received regular fresh influxes of co-religionists thereafter. They have a share in creating the hostility that marked relations between Indian tribes and Whites in the second half of the Nineteenth Century. What was the name of the sect?

In which year was the first continental railroad completed?

In 1876 General Custer was defeated in battle and killed during the course of a Sioux rebellion. At which battle did this occur?

Which Native American leader inflicted the above defeat in 1876?

Indiscriminate hunting in the 1880s slaughtered to extinction the kind of plains animal on which Native Americans had traditionally relied for food. Which creature was this?

White Americans got their revenge for Custer's death in 1890, when US government forces killed large numbers of Native Americans near the site of the 1876 battle. Where did this incident take place?

Native Americans were now herded into designated areas. What was the name of such places?