As a river moves from the mountains towards the sea its valley shape changes. How might you describe those changes?
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The steep sided valley with a narrow channel becomes a wider valley and channel as the river moves towards the sea
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The wide channel and the shallow valley become narrower and steeper as the river moves towards the sea
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The river gains extra energy as it moves towards the sea and it cuts into the valley making it steeper
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The river in the upper section cuts back the valley sides to form a wide u-shaped valley. As the river moves towards the sea the valley narrows but the channel widens
Q.2.
Which of the following is the typical order of features in a river, from its start to discharging into the sea?
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Source, waterfall, meanders, rapids, estuary
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Source, waterfall, rapids, meanders, estuary
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Waterfall, estuary, meanders, rapids, source
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Source, estuary, waterfalls, meanders, rapids
Q.3.
What shape would a typical cross section of a river in its upper course be?
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Narrow and shallow
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Wide and shallow
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Narrow and deep
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Wide and deep
Q.4.
In the upper course, as the river erodes rock away, tapering ridges are formed. What are these known as?
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Meanders
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Glaciers
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Interlocking spurs
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Breccias
Q.5.
Waterfalls are defined as water cascading from a height. But how do these river features often form?
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Waterfalls form when rocks start to swirl round in the current and drill down through the hard layers of rock
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Waterfalls form when rivers pick up velocity and need to distribute excess energy
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Waterfalls only form when rock splits due to mountain forming processes
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Waterfalls form when water flows over different bands of rock, eroding the soft rock and undercutting the hard rock
Q.6.
Which of these areas is the most suitable for dams and reservoirs?
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A very shallow and wide valley with soft geology on either side
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A wide and shallow valley with settlements and structures built inside
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A flat flood plain
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A steep valley with hard geology on either side
Q.7.
How do levees form?
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As a river floods, once it leaves the channel the velocity drops and the heaviest material is deposited along the banks, causing a natural build-up of alluvium
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As the river under cuts the bank the hydrostatic pressure forces the bank and bed to rise up
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As rivers meander they leave behind high deposits of silt on the side of the rivers. These move out into the river and protect the banks
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As rivers change levels, the change in velocity causes the river to drop its sediment load and a wall to form across the river
Q.8.
What sort of features would you find in the upper course of a river?
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Rapids, wide shallow river, and high energy meanders
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V-shaped valley, interlocking spurs, and waterfalls
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Deep incised valleys and U shaped profiles
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Depositional structures, steep sided valleys, and sharp angular rocks
Q.9.
If you took a slice of a river from the source to the mouth this would be called what?
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A cross profile
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A long profile
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A transect
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A course line
Q.10.
What is a levee?
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A wall built across a river to increase the height of the water up river
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A structure built at right angles to the flow to build up sediment to protect a beach or wall
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A ridge of sediment deposited alongside a river, or a manmade embankment to stop the river overflowing
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The build-up of sediment in the middle of a river raising the river bed and causing the river to flood
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