Explanation: Road foundation for modern highways construction was developed by Telford and Macadam simultaneously.

Explanation: The new highway project is divided into (i) Selection of route, alignment and geometric design. (ii) Collection of materials (iii) Construction stages including quality control.

Explanation: Financing of the highway is done after the planning of the highway after getting approval from the government, before the assessment, preparation, and DPR are prepared.

Explanation: There are two elements in highway construction – technical and commercial. Technical elements include materials, their quality, traffic, installation techniques whereas commercial elements include environmental aspects, public concerns, legal aspects, political aspects, etc.

Explanation: The national highway connects most of the cities and towns in the country. State highway connects in the state, village road in villages and other roads connect the remote areas.

Explanation: Pan-American highway is nearly 25,000 kms long. It connects many countries in America. Trans-Canada is longest national highway. Karakoram is the highest international highway. Longest national highway circuit is Australia’s highway 1.

Explanation: The Nagpur plan classified the roads into two categories, category one was meant for the national highway, state highway, and major district road. The un-surfaced roads were meant for other district roads and village roads.

Explanation: To design foundation, settlement is an important parameter. For designing highways: the number of lanes, cross section, level of service, sight distance, alignment, lane width and so on are important considerations.

Explanation: The removal of excess surface and sub surface soil within the roadway or right of way is considered highway drainage.

Explanation: The most preferred type of road is bituminous roads. They are cheap for initial construction when compared to other types of surfaced roads.

Explanation: Design of road intersections is a part of highway engineering in which types of intersections, the advantages and disadvantages are studied.

Explanation: The surveys are completed in 4 stages namely map study, reconnaissance, preliminary survey and detailed survey.

Explanation: A highway should be planned such that the present and future requirements of the highway are satisfied.

Explanation: During the construction of the highway, more highway lighting preference is given to intersections, as it is the most critical place.

Explanation: The scope of highway engineering is divided into 2 parts called phases and details. In these phases overall review is given and in the details it is planned in detail.

Explanation: The first step after the office work in the highway design is surveying, after surveying the design is approved.

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Explanation: The structural design like highway speed, geometric design is given the most importance in design.