Heroic ballads known as Vaar enjoy a rich oral tradition in Punjabi. Prominent example of heroic or epic poetry includes Guru Gobind Singh's Chandi di Vaar.

There is no concept of upper or lower case letter. The Gurmukhi script, unlike the Greek and Roman alphabet, is arranged in vowels first, then in consonants (Gutturals, Palatals, Cerebrals, Dentals, Labials) and semi-vowels. This is a syllabic script in which all consonants have an inherent vowel. Diacritics, which can appear above, below, before or after the consonant they belong, are used to change the inherent vowel.

Majhi, Malwai and Doabi all are dialects of Eastern Punjabi language.

Pwadhi is spoken in the areas lying in South, South-East and Eastern Punjab. The main areas include Rajpura, Patiala, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Kharar, Kurali, Nurpuredi, Pail, etc.

Punjabi is 10^th most popular language of the world. Punjabi language is spoken by inhabitants of the Punjab region both in Pakistan and India. But in Pakistan Punjabi has not gained official status, it is a provincial language.

Punjabi is the official language of the state, which bears a lot of similarity with Hindi. It is the first official language in Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh and the second official language of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi. Punjabi language is spoken by inhabitants of the Punjab region both in Pakistan and India.

Faridkot district was a part of Firozpur division, but it was separated in 1996.

The district Sangrur was formed in 1948 on the formation of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU). The boundaries of the district underwent a change on the merger of PEPSU with Punjab in 1956 and then on the reorganisation of Punjab in 1966.

The Gurmukhi script, unlike the Greek and Roman alphabet, is arranged in vowels first, then in consonants (Gutturals, Palatals, Cerebrals, Dentals, Labials) and semi-vowels.

Punjabi Sufi poetry developed under Shah Hussain (1538-1599), Sultan Bahu (1628-1691), Shah Sharaf (1640-1724), Ali Haider (1690-1785), Saleh Mohammad Safoori (son of Mai Safoora whom Ali Haider had given great tribute) and Bulleh Shah (1680-1757). In contrast to Persian poets, who preferred the ghazal for poetic expression, Punjabi Sufi poets composed the poems in Kafi (classical form of poetry).

Some of the dialects of Punjabi language are Shahpur, Jhangochi or Changvi, Jangli or Rachnavi, (oldest dialect of Punjabi) Pothohari or Pahari-Potowari, Lehndi, Hindko, Dhani, Jafri or Khetrani, Chenavari and Saraiki. These all dialect are spoken in Western Punjab (now in Pakistan).

Pwadhi is spoken in the areas lying in South, South-East and Eastern Punjab. The main areas include Rajpura, Patiala, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Kharar, Kurali, Nurpuredi, Pail, etc

The Qissa of Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah (1706-1798) is among the most popular of Punjabi qissa.

Shauraseni Prakrit was one of the Prakrit languages, which was spoken in North and North-Western India. Punjabi and Western dialects of Hindi developed from this Prakrit. Punjabi emerged as an apabhramsa, a degenerated form of Prakrit, in the 7^th century AD and became stable by the 10^th century.

Hussain's poetry consists entirely of short poems known as Kafis. A typical 'Hussain Kafi' contains a refrain and some rhymed lines. The symbols used in his Kafis are taken from day to day life of a weaver.

Ishwar Chandra Nanda was born in Gurdaspur. He is known as Father of Punjabi Drama. An act-play Suhag written by him in 1913 is still celebrated as First Punjabi stage-play.

The correct match is :
Ludhiana - Manchester of India
Morinda - The City of Gardens
Pathankot - Cock Neck City
Mansa - Area of White Gold

The correct match is :
Moga - Malwa
Ludhiana - Malwa
Nawanshahr - Doab
Tarn Taran Sahib - Majha

The correct match is :
Jalandhar - Pathankot, Tarn Taran, Amritsar
Firozpur - Fazilka, Moga
Faridkot - Bathinda, Mansa
Patiala - Sangrur, Barnala, Ludhiana

The correct match is :
Amritsar - 928
Hoshiarpur - 683
Rupnagar - 505
Patiala - 596

Chimta is a percussion jingling instrument used in Punjab and neighbouring areas. The tradition of playing it with songs dated back to the time of Naths or Jogis. This instrument consists of two long, flat pieces of iron with pointed ends and rings mounted on it. The joint is held in one hand, while the two parts are struck with each other to produce tinkling sounds. Chimta has become popular in professional singing and devotional music in temples

Algoza is played by one person by using only three fingers on each side. It is also known as Jori and it consists of a pair of wooden flutes. Folk singers use it in singing like Mirza, Challa and Jugni and it is also used in folk dances.

Alahunian song is sung after the death of some person. The theme of death song, the good qualities of the dead person, the perishable nature of, the seeming would, etc are parts of alahunian. In villages marashan or nain is the lead singer at the death of a person.

The correct match is :
Dafli - Tambourine
Bugchu - Dried gourd
Taus - Dilruba
Rabab - Mardana

Janj is sung on occassion of marriage.

Pathankot is the last city in Punjab on the national highway that connects Jammu and Kashmir with rest of India. It is also a gateway to the Himachal hill stations of Dalhousie, Dharmshala, Kangra valley, Jwalaji and Chintpurni.

The sports goods industry is mainly concentrated in Jalandhar. The place is known as Mecca of Indian Hockey.

The town Hoshiarpur is known for manufacture of wooden toys, inlay and lacquer finished furniture and musical instruments such as tabla, harmonium, sitar, etc.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (SBS Nagar) district was formerly known as Nawanshahr.

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar District (SBS Nagar) district formerly known as Nawanshahr was carved out of Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar district of Punjab on 7 November, 1995 as the 16^th district of Punjab. The Nawanshahr town has been built by Afghan military chief, Nausher Khan during the region of Alaud-din Khilji.

Trinjan Songs are sung by women. They sing these songs while spinning the wheel.

Bugchu is a stringed instrument made of dried gourd (Ghia). A piece of skin is mounted on one side of the hollowed gourd while the other side is kept open. A gut string (Tand) is crossed through the centre of the skin and a small piece of wood is tied to the end of the string, which passes through the body of the gourd. While playing, the string of this instrument is stretched or loosened to maintain a drum-like rhythm.

Trinjan songs are sung by women. They sing these songs while spinning the wheel.
Sometimes, on a winter night all women assemble at someone's house and keep spinning and singing throughout the night. These spinning sessions are called Trinjan.
The day session is known as Chiri Chirunga (sparrows big and small) and the night session is called Rat Katni (spinning at night).

The word 'Baramah' means twelve months. In Baramah songs, the pangs of separation are evident. In the twelve months, the month of Sawan is favourite month in folk songs.

Dhadd is a small percussion instrument of the Damru style. It is holded with one hand and played with another hand by striking the skinned side. This instrument is very popular amongst the Dhaddies, who sing traditional ballads of brave warriors and heroes, drawn from history.

Gurmeet Bawa is known for her long hekh (breathless opening of a Punjabi folk song calling 'ho') that she can holds for about 45 seconds. She is one of the singers known for popularised Jugni and was the first Punjabi female singer to sing on Doordarshan.

Gurdas Maan was born in Giddarbaha village of Punjab and gained national attention in 1980 with the song 'Dil Da Mamla Hai'. He is an Indian singer, song writer, choreographer and actor. He has gone on to record over 34 albums and has written over 305 songs. In 2009, he won 'Best International Album' at the UK Asian Music Awards for 'Boot Polishan'.

The main songs sung during the wedding ceremony by the family of bride and grooms are named as ghorian and suhaag.
Ghorian are sung in the grooms house to show the pleasure and happiness whereas the 'suhaag' are sung by the people of bride genre and the lyrics of suhaag displays both the bliss and pain at same time.

Taus is a large and heavy instrument which is later reduced in size and known as Dilruba.

Mahiya Songs became prevalent in Western Pakistan. But now it is sung all over India. It is a song sung by young women in separation of their husbands.

Trinjan songs are sung by women. They sing these songs while spinning the wheel.
Sometimes, on a winter night all women assemble at someone's house and keep spinning and singing throughout the night. These spinning sessions are called Trinjan.
The day session is known as Chiri Chirunga (sparrows big and small) and the night session is called Rat Katni (spinning at night).

Mahiya Songs became prevalent in Western Pakistan. But now it is sung all over India. It is a song sung by young women in separation of their husbands. The word 'Balo' is attached to this song. This song is in Q-A form, i.e. it is spoken by Mahiya at one time and by Balo for the second time. A triplet of Mahiya is called Tappa because it throbs with the heart-beat of the singers. The word 'Mahiya' originates from the word 'Mahi' which means lover. The legendary lover 'Ranjha' of Punjabi folklore was called Mahi. In Mahiya songs, the lover is addressed in the most touching expressions of love and pathos.

Surinder Kaur was born on 25 November, 1929 and died on 15 June, 2006. She was a Punjabi singer, song writer. She sang mainly Punjabi folk songs, where she is credited for pioneering and popularising the genre and later was known as the Nightingale of Punjab.

Every invasion brought plunder, rape and arson in its wake. There are some battle songs expressing invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali which created terror among the people of the Punjab. Some folk songs refer to the movements of rebellion in the Punjab.

Songs based on stories of Heer Ranjha, Sohni Mahiwal, Sassi Punnu, Mirza Sahiban are known as Love Songs.

Boli Songs is the most popular form of folk music of the Eastern Punjab. It is generally in one line, a kind of couplet and is the most miniature form of folksong in style. Boli, songs are very deep, effective and interesting in its impact.

Love lyrics comprise the best part of Punjabi folklore. The songs of this category express the delight of union and also the pangs (pain) of separation. These are mostly related to famous love stories like Heer Ranjha, Sohni Mahiwal, Sassi Punnu and Mirza Sahiban. Boli, Dhola and Mahiya are popular love songs of the state.

Toomba is a famous folk instrument of Punjab, which is entirely based on Iktara (single stringed instrument), used by the legend singers. Now it has been adopted by a number of Punjabi folk singers. Toomba is made of wooden sticks mounted with a Toomba or wooden resonator covered with skin. A metallic string is passed on a resonator over a bridge and tied to the key at the end of the stick. The string is struck with a finger or sometimes with the Mezrab (a cone-shaped metal object) and the Swaras are made by pressing the string to the stick.

Sufi music is the devotional music and Punjab has a strong Sufi tradition. The Sikh Dhadhi tradition is a famous form of sufi music in the state. Dhadhi is a musical tradition that makes use of the sarangi (a bowed stringed instrument), and the dhadh (a hand held, hourglass shaped drum).