Explanation: The M13mp7 contains multiple cloning sites all clustered into the polylinker and this polylinker is artificially synthesized and then inserted in the intergenic sequence.

Explanation: Phagemid is a hybrid of M13 phage and Pbr322 plasmid. Pembl8 is an example of phagemid which was created by transferring into a pUC8 a 1300 bp fragment of M13 genome.

Explanation: These signal sequences are recognized by the enzymes that convert the normal double-stranded M13 molecule into single-stranded DNA before secretion of new phage particles.

Explanation: The hosts for Pembl8 cloning experiments are subsequently infected with a normal M13 to act as a helper phage, providing necessary replicative enzymes and phage coat proteins.

Explanation: Pembl8, being derived from Puc8, has the polylinker cloning sites within the lacZ’ gene. So recombinants can be identified by the lac selection system.

Explanation: With a phagemid vector such as Pembl8, single-stranded versions of cloned DNA fragments up to 10 kb can be obtained, greatly extending the range of M13 cloning system.

Explanation: The lambda DNA molecule can be increased in size by only 5%, representing the addition of only 3 kb of new DNA. If total size of the molecule id more than 52 kb, then it cannot be packaged.

Explanation: The removal of non- essential region between 2 to 35 positions on the restriction map decreases the size of the vector by 15 kb and increasing its efficiency of carrying foreign DNA.

Explanation: Since the non-essential region of the lambda genome which is responsible for integration into the host genome is removed, it no longer follows the lysogenic cycle hence goes infecting the cell and eventually losing them.

Explanation: There are multiple recognition sites in a lambda phage and only mutant strains that contain not many of these sites can be used as cloning vectors. To get hold of such mutant strains a host E.Coli strain that produces EcoR1 is used.

Explanation: There are multiple recognition sites in a lambda phage and only mutant strains that contain not many of these sites can be used as cloning vectors. To get hold of such mutant strains a host E.Coli strain that produces EcoR1 is used.

Explanation: Once the problems associated with lambda vector; packaging constraints and multiple restriction sites had been solved, development of different types of modified lambda vectors is done.

Explanation: It is a vector which can carry up to 8 kb of new DNA, inserted into unique EcoR1 site located in the Ci gene. Recombinants are distinguished as clear plaques.

Explanation: Insertional lambda vectors are cloning vectors and not expression vectors because they do not contain promoter sequences and ribosomal binding sites and hence the expression of the inserted gene cannot be obtained.

Explanation: The foreign DNA in this vector is cloned within the cI gene containing the EcoR1 restriction site. The recombinants hence are distinguished as clear plaques from the non-recombinant turbid plaques.