Explanation: Nisin is an inducer for the genes that are inserted in the vector or the host under the control of promoters nisA and nisF. The amount of expression obtained depends on the amount of nisin added.

Explanation: The export mechanism in low-GC bacteria resembles that of E. coli. However, there are differences in the signal peptides compared with those found in eukaryotes.

Explanation: Two probe vectors were developed for the identification of secretion signals. These vectors made use of a silent reporter gene encoding the mature amylase from Bacillus Licheniformis.

Explanation: Two probe vectors were developed for the identification of secretion signals. These vectors made use of a silent reporter gene encoding the mature amylase from Bacillus Licheniformis.

Explanation: The disadvantage of the probe vector system is that the detection of secreted amylase involves flooding starch containing media with iodine and this kills the bacteria in the colonies.

Explanation: The disadvantage of the probe vector system is that the detection of secreted amylase involves flooding starch containing media with iodine and this kills the bacteria in the colonies.

Explanation: Flooding starch containing media with iodine and this kills the bacteria in the colonies, replica plates must be made before iodine addition.

Explanation: An alternative probe system which uses the S. aureus-secreted nuclease as a reporter is a small 168 amino acids long, stable, monomeric enzyme that is devoid of cysteine residues and the enzymatic test is non-toxic to the bacterial colonies.

Explanation: S. aureus-secreted nuclease as a reporter is a small 168 amino acids long, stable, monomeric enzyme that is devoid of cysteine residues.

Explanation: Inclusion of a nine-residue synthetic polypeptide in a probe vector system immediately downstream of the signal-peptide cleavage site significantly enhances secretion.

Explanation: As an aid to understanding gene function in B. subtilis, vectors have been developed for directed gene inactivation; especially for the genes whose function is not known.

Explanation: To study the function of uncharacterized open reading frames in B. subtilis, a series of vectors called P-MUTIN have been constructed.

Explanation: The P-MUTIN vectors contain a reporter lacZ gene to facilitate the measurement of expression of the target gene.

Explanation: The inducible Psac promoter allows the controlled expression of genes downstream of and found in the same operon as the target gene.

Explanation: The inducible Psac promoter allows a controlled expression of genes downstream of and found in the same operon as the target gene.