Explanation: The total dissolved solids are removed by reverse osmosis. Water passing through a semi permeable membrane is subjected to pressure greater than osmotic pressure. In this process, the ions are removed.

Explanation: The limit of total dissolved solids in treated water is 1200 mg/L. This holds good for surface water. According to the applications, the limit of total dissolved solids is fixed.

Explanation: The amount of TDS removed is around 97-99%. This depends on the membrane used. This depends on the salt rejection of the membrane.

Explanation: The flux assumed while designing the reverse osmosis system to treat surface water is 14-28 LMH. This depends on the influent TDS. Also, this also depends on the required TDS in the treated effluent.

Explanation: The flux assumed while designing the reverse osmosis system to treat well water is 24-30 LMH. This depends on the influent TDS. Also, this also depends on the required TDS in the treated effluent.

Explanation: The flux assumed while designing the reverse osmosis system to treat RO permeate is 34-50 LMH. This depends on the influent TDS. Also, this also depends on the required TDS in the treated effluent.

Explanation: The % flux decline per year assumed while designing the reverse osmosis system for treating surface water is 7.3-9.9. The SDI considered is between 2-4. This is a very important factor while designing a reverse osmosis system.

Explanation: The % flux decline per year assumed while designing the reverse osmosis system for treating surface water is 4.4-7.3. The SDI considered is between 2-4. This is a very important factor while designing a reverse osmosis system.

Explanation: The % flux decline per year assumed while designing the reverse osmosis system for treating surface water is 2.3-4.4. The SDI considered is between <2. This is a very important factor while designing a reverse osmosis system.

Explanation: The LSI is <0.2 assumed without scale inhibitor while designing the reverse osmosis system. With organic scale inhibitor, the value assumed is different. It is assumed <1.8.